Materials in the nanometer range have been produced for several decades. Carbon Black, for example, has been used in tires since 1930. Today, the production capabilities for specially designed nanomaterials have increased considerably. Most synthetically produced nanomaterials are nanoparticles (80%). The various applications require precisely defined nanoparticle characteristics. A number of production processes have been developed to meet the desired shapes, compositions and size distributions. This dossier describes the most common production processes such as milling, gas phase and liquid phase technologies.