This manuscript explores how the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) can be operationalised in the context of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs), addressing the need for socially and ecologically robust innovation in urban energy transitions. Based on the TRANS-PED project, the report emphasises the pivotal roles of reflexivity, second-order learning and stakeholder engagement in PED development. To begin with, it identifies challenges posed by a technology-centric innovation paradigm, arguing for the integration of reflective practices to minimise unintended social and ecological side effects of innovation, including rebound effects and green gentrification. Further, the manuscript provides recommendations on how to facilitate stakeholder reflection and capacity building through “moments of reflection”, emphasising the importance of timing, role assignment and inclusive processes. Finally, the report concludes by exploring ways in which second-order learning processes, and thus reflexivity as a key dimension of RRI, can be institutionalised in the context of PED development. These insights hold practical significance for PED practitioners, policymakers, and funding bodies seeking to advance the social and ecological viability of energy system innovations.